What are the low-carbon fuels?

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Many businesses have made it a priority to reduce their carbon footprint. Multiple ways to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are available to business owners. 

One is to purchase carbon offsets—pay someone else to reduce emissions on your behalf. Another is to use less energy, for example, have employees travel less often, or by improving the energy efficiency of a building. Using low-carbon and alternative fuels is a third option which has become viable for an increasing number of businesses. Low-carbon fuels can be used as a substitute for traditional fossil fuels in many applications. For example, vehicles of all types, including personal cars, trucks, off-road vehicles, ships, and more can run on low-carbon fuels. Purchasing electricity made from low-carbon fuels or renewable energies is also a way to reduce a business’ carbon footprint. 

Are natural gas and propane low-carbon fuels?

That’s right—despite their fossil origin, natural gas and propane are low-carbon fuels—in comparison to traditional alternatives. Both have a lower emission factor than gasoline and diesel. This means that burning a certain amount or natural gas or propane will release less CO2 than burning the equivalent amount of gasoline or diesel. Fuels with higher carbon contents release more CO2 when they are burned. Natural gas consists primarily of methane. One molecule of methane contains a single atom of carbon. As a result, methane has a lower carbon-to-energy content than other fossil fuels. 

Engines used as mechanical drives in oilfield operations are prime candidates for natural gas operation. Oil wells almost always produce natural gas in addition to oil. When an extraction site doesn't have infrastructure to collect and transport the available natural gas, the unwanted natural gas is flared. Instead, using this excess natural gas an alternative to diesel for the mechanical drives saves money, reduces emissions, and helps secure the fuel supply. 

Conversions of coal-fired power-plants to natural gas are also a major trend in the power generation sector. You may have read about a local coal power-plant closing? Chances are, it’s being replaced with a natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant. 

What are CNG, LNG, LPG; are they low-carbon fuels?

Tractor-trailers, hauler trucks, dumpster trucks, buses and other commercial vehicles, and even ships can be converted to run on either compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, a form of propane). 

This allows the owner to lower the emissions of the converted vehicles without breaking the bank. With the right use case, fuel conversions also provide several other benefits. You can read more about these benefits of alternative fuels and fuel-flexibility.

What are biogas and renewable natural gas?

Gaseous hydrocarbons can also be readily produced from biomass. Like renewable diesel and biodiesel, these fuels are CO2-neutral. Significant amounts are created through natural fermentation in bogs and in the digestive tract of mammals, particularly cows. Bacteria eat organic matter, breaking it down and releasing methane, CO2 and hydrogen sulfide. The resulting gas is known as biogas. 

Biogas is also an unintentional product of fermentation occurring in landfills. In the United States, landfills are required to collect biogas to prevent its emission into the atmosphere. The requirement exists because methane, when it is not burned, is a much stronger greenhouse gas than CO2. While some landfills flare off the collected biogas, others use it productively. Biogas can be used as-is in specially designed internal combustion engines to generate electricity. More simply, it can be burned in a furnace or a boiler for heat. 

How is biogas produced?

In certain use-cases, biogas can also have negative carbon intensity value. This is because the capture and productive use of biogas prevents carbon emissions.

It is also possible to separate the methane from the other, unwanted constituents. Renewable natural gas is then obtained. Renewable natural gas is fully interchangeable with natural gas and can be injected into natural gas pipelines or used on its own.  

Biogas and natural gas are also produced industrially at wastewater treatment plants and livestock operations. Most commonly, biomass-sewage sludge or cow manure-is fermented in large tanks known as digesters, generating biogas. To promote fermentation, the digesters can be heated using waste heat from biogas-fueled on-site generators-a classical use case for combined heat and power. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, about 1,300 wastewater treatment plants in the United States produce biogas by fermentation and use it on-site. 

Running gas generators on biogas or renewable natural gas is a great way to produce CO2 free electricity from renewable resources. Contrary to renewable electricity produced by solar panels and wind turbines, which is inherently variable, renewable electricity produced in a generator using biogas and renewable natural gas is available on-demand. This makes biogas and renewable gas great decarbonization options for facilities which require an always-available source of power on-site for backup, prime or continuous power purposes. This is why many data centers, hospitals, industrial facilities and more are exploring or investing in biogas and renewable gas generators.

What is hydrotreated vegetable oil; is it renewable diesel?

Diesel-like fuels can be manufactured without the use of any fossil resources. Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is one common type. HVO is obtained by processing lipids such as vegetable oil, tallow or used cooking oil, which is made of paraffinic hydrocarbon. The fuel is derived from the same feedstocks used to produce biodiesel. However, instead of using the transesterification process, HVO is produced via the hydrotreated process. HVO is sometimes referred to as renewable diesel, or green diesel. 

What is biodiesel; is biodiesel a low-carbon fuel?

Biodiesel is a distinct fuel. It is made using a chemical process known as transesterification. The transesterification process results in molecules called fatty acid methyl esters, or FAME. Biodiesel consist primarily of these FAME molecules. Fuels meeting the industry standard for renewable diesel can be used as drop-in replacements for fossil diesel. Biodiesels, in contrast, must be blended with fossil diesel to be used in most vehicles. 

When renewable diesel and biodiesel burn, they merely return carbon to the atmosphere—the same carbon atoms that the plants used as feedstock withdrew from the atmosphere. They are, accordingly, net-CO2 free fuels, or CO2-neutral

What are power-to-x and e-fuels?

This is a rapidly emerging category of synthetic low-carbon or no-carbon fuels. E-fuels are manufactured from inorganic feedstock, primarily CO2 and water, using renewable electricity, such as solar, wind, or hydropower. The category includes a variety of hydrocarbon fuels such as e-methanol, e-diesel and e-methane, as well as non-hydrocarbon fuels such as ammonia. Don’t forget to check out what are power-to-x and e-fuels with more details and examples.

What about hydrogen?

Hydrogen burns without releasing any carbon. Not all hydrogen, however, is low-carbon. Most hydrogen produced in the world today is manufactured via the steam methane reforming process. This process uses methane as a feedstock and generates a lot of CO2 (unless the methane feedstock is coming from biogas, in which case the process is CO2-neutral). 

Another process, electrolysis, allows to produce hydrogen from water. Electrolysis is energy-intensive, but when it is conducted using renewable electricity, the result is fully CO2-free hydrogen, or "green hydrogen." 

A variety of applications that use green hydrogen are commercially available or in development stages, including locomotives, personal vehicles, gas turbines, internal combustion generators, and more. Green hydrogen can also be used as a feedstock for other e-fuels. 

Finding the right alternative fuel for your business

You went through a range of alternative and low-carbon fuels. As you seek to fulfill the needs of your business, it is important to remember there is not a one-size fits all answer. 

Beyond the fuel itself, here are a few others you can take into consideration in finding the right fit for your business: Availability of these fuels across your locations, the local regulations your equipment needs to comply with, and your specific use case.

As you have noticed, these additional considerations are more local and unique to your business. You can access more information and discuss these further by reaching out to a partner local to your business.  

Aytek Yuksel - Cummins Inc

Aytek Yuksel

Aytek Yuksel is the Content Marketing Leader for Cummins Inc., with a focus on Power Systems markets. Aytek joined the Company in 2008. Since then, he has worked in several marketing roles and now brings you the learnings from our key markets ranging from industrial to residential markets. Aytek lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota with his wife and two kids.

STEM Project Unites Children in the UK and Uzbekistan

Zoom call with West Park School and the Children's Home

If you ever doubted the ability of young minds to grasp what many adults would consider complex concepts, then you'll be amazed by the achievements of two groups of young children - one in a school in northern England, and the other 4,000 miles away in an orphanage in Uzbekistan.

With the support of Cummins, children ranging from six to twelve years of age have managed to bridge the language, culture, and time divide. They are collaborating with great success on building a basic electric racing car.

The story begins with a visit by Cummins to Rudmash Export Service, which has been representing Cummins in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, since 2018.

Rudmash has an impressive list of clients in mining, construction, gas, and power generation.

It is also a highly respected supporter of community initiatives, a key focus for Cummins.

During the visit, Amit Kumar, Cummins' Technical Territory Manager for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, mentioned the work he was doing with local schools involving the Greenpower Education Trust in the UK.

Amit suggested that Rudmash might consider introducing local children to the fantastic learning opportunity that comes from building an electric car.

The Rudmash executive team loved the idea and reached out to their friends at the local orphanage (Children’s Home 22), about the proposed connection with children from West Park Academy – a primary school near Cummins' manufacturing plant in Darlington, England.

Students at the Children's Home working on the car
The children from Children's Home 22 building the car

Speaking through a translator, Rudmash Sales Manager Mr. Mavlonberdi Akhmedov said there was no hesitation from the orphanage. "Everyone was excited about it," he said. "When we showed them pictures of the car, the children's eyes lit up with interest.

"The only issue we encountered was not being able to involve the older children, but I think Amit has something in his mind for them. It will involve a similar collaboration with a UK school on a larger electric car that they can fit in!"

Over in Darlington, teacher Mr. David Fraser and his group of 9 to 11-year-olds were thrilled at the prospect of working with children from another country.

Students from West Park Academy
The children from West Park Academy

"Before our first session, I showed the children a map of Uzbekistan and explained how the time zones worked," Mr. Fraser said. "Tashkent is four hours ahead of us."

"When they started hearing a different language, they were a little hesitant although still excited. However, towards the end, once they got used to the translation pauses, lots of questions were being asked."

"They adapted very quickly, and every session with the orphanage has become more engaging. The children have greatly benefited from the relationship. It's been a great learning experience."

The car involved in the project is called the Greenpower Goblin G2. It comes as a flat-pack kit including chassis, wheels, steering, disc brakes, a 24V electric motor, and two 12V batteries.

Students at West Park Academy working on the car
The children from West Park Academy building the car

"The project is all about inspiring young children to take an interest in engineering in a fun and innovative way," said Amit Kumar, who earlier this year received special recognition at the North-East England STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Awards for his years of dedication to STEM Education.

"The build introduces children to basic mechanics and electronics and might be the first step on the pathway to a career in engineering or another STEM field.

Mr. Fraser said the children soon started discussing aspects of the car such as frames, brakes, and steering geometry. There was a lively question-and-answer session on different materials that could be used to design and make the car's body. Their last session was about controls and driving.

"There are also other general discussions, as the children are eager to learn more about each other's countries," said Amit, who leads the sessions.

Students at the Children's Home looking at the car drawing
The children from Children's Home 22 talking about a drawing while on a zoom call

Rudmash service engineer Mr. Abdullayev Shakhzod said the children were enjoying the experience of working in teams.

"It's a fantastic new chapter in the history of a place that has a storied past. It was established in 1942 during the Second World War to care for evacuees from all over Eastern Europe. Children of over 40 different nationalities have been cared for by this children's home.

"The home is named Antonina Pavlovna Khlebushkina after the woman who ran it in the early days. She would be so proud of what is happening there today.

"As the summer vacation times differ in the two countries, the West Park school children have already finished building their cars, while the Uzbekistan car is about 40% complete.

"When the children return from their summer camp in September, they will start the rear axle, motor, and electrical components. Then they can take it for a drive," Amit said.

"Just before their summer term ended, the West Park children conducted a demonstration for their new friends in Tashkent. They set up a track and showcased driving the car on it. It was a great success."

Mr. Akhmedov, speaking through a translator, mentioned that the management team at Rudmash was considering how the project could expand beyond the children's home and into schools and youth organizations throughout Uzbekistan.

Mr. Akhmedov praised Cummins for their support of the project. "They have shown great responsibility at every stage and been very proactive, always striving to ensure things are done right.

"This is just the beginning for these children. It's already motivating them to learn more and develop their skills in broader technical applications.

"I would say that this project is not only important for the children's home but also for our city of Tashkent and the Republic of Uzbekistan, as it is nurturing an educational culture that is highly valuable. I can't thank Amit and Cummins enough."

Amit expressed that it's a privilege to help Cummins inspire young people about engineering and science from an early age.

How is the United States investing in clean energy?

GR hero

Our planet is facing a dire crisis: carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere continue to soar above record highs. If gone unaddressed, the collective stress of climate change will produce an irreparable impact. Our health, energy, water, and food ecosystems are at risk. 

As it stands, there are many long-term effects of climate change. In North America, climate change is forecasted to cause decreasing snowpack in the western mountains. It will also lead to a 5–20% increase in yields of rain-fed agriculture and great intensity of heat waves. In fact, over the last five years, the United States has incurred roughly $120 billion a year in damages as a result of natural disasters caused by extreme weather and climate events.

Beyond natural catastrophes, climatic risks to the United States will have a cascading effect on the country's interconnected ecosystems. Reduced labor and overall economic productivity, and altered crop yields, will disproportionately harm lower-income and marginalized populations. These groups lack the resources to prepare or cope with extreme weather and climate events.

The world is investing in clean energy innovation

Combating the intensifying climate crisis requires a strategic combination of research and development (R&D), innovation, technology — and bold attempts.

Around the globe, countries are investing in clean energy to contribute to a livable planet now and for generations to come. In 2022, the US passed the Inflation Reduction Act, which includes a historic $370 billion investment to address the climate crisis. The Inflation Reduction Act provides tax credits and incentives to power homes, businesses, and communities with clean energy by 2030. The Act will increase investments in the fastest-growing power generation technologies, solar and wind. It will also advance cost-saving clean energy projects and protect two million acres of national forests. These initiatives are in addition to substantial tax credits and rebates offered to families and businesses in the United States.
Consequently, a stronger clean energy economy will contribute to overall economic growth and competition. As a result, there will be millions of new well-paying jobs for Americans to make clean energy.

It is possible to start decarbonizing now

Governmental policy strategies and investments in decarbonization technologies are part of the solution to produce increasingly cheap, dependable, and clean energy.

Strong communities and vibrant economies depend on a healthier planet. As a global power technology leader, Cummins is in a unique position to power customer success by leading during this energy transition. We intent to do so by providing customers with the right technology at the right time, understanding of their needs and applications.

We think of this journey to carbon neutrality in two distinct and complementary ways. First, by innovating zero-emission solutions and introducing them in markets and applications where the infrastructure, development and deployment are ready. Secondly, by advancing internal combustion engines through efficiency improvement and by running them on cleaner alternative fuels for a well-to-wheels solution.

Through Destination Zero, we are advancing low- and no-carbon platforms. This includes diesel and natural gas engines, hybrid, and electric platforms, as well as powertrain components, controls, and related technologies.

Join Cummins in powering a better tomorrow

Cummins environmental sustainability strategy includes goals timed for 2030. Progress toward the reduction of carbon emissions from company plants and facilities — in addition to our products — is in full swing. For more than one hundred years, we have brought technological solutions to market. As a power solutions leader, we will continue to power a more prosperous world for today and tomorrow. Are you ready to consider investing in new power solutions?

Traci Kraus headshot

Traci Kraus

Traci Kraus is a Director of Government Relations where she leads US federal advocacy for Cummins. She focuses on energy, climate, hydrogen, transportation and budget legislative and regulatory issues. 

Prior to joining Cummins, Traci worked for former U.S. Senator Russ Feingold.  She has a Master's in Public Administration from the George Washington University and B.A.s in Government and Politics and Communication from the University of Maryland in College Park. She is originally from Chicago, and now lives outside of Washington, D.C. with her husband, Aaron and two children Liam (8) and Sloane (5).

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