Navigating the road to compliance: Strategic steps for fleets eyeing emissions rule

Road winding through forest

Between the fine print and varying perspectives on the rule announced March 29, you may be seeking steadiness amid uncertainty. Cummins Inc. met the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) unprecedented ambition with a call to action for all of industry and all levels of government to work together. "This is an ambitious goal, and there will be challenges across our industry to reach it," Cummins wrote. "However, Cummins is uniquely positioned to develop and manufacture a broad range of technologies that enable our customers to prosper, wherever they are along their energy transitions journey." The following considerations may help a fleet chart a path to compliance with the stringent standards set by the new emissions rule.

1. Determine what your fleet must know about the Environmental Protection Agency’s heavy-duty Phase 3 emissions regulations. 

It's best to get ahead of the curve in terms of knowing the avenues of compliance. EPA projects that one pathway for meeting the new standards would be for industry to aim for 34% ZEVs for day cab tractors and 25% for sleeper cabs in model year 2032. The stated goals include use of battery electric and fuel cell technologies. EPA also suggests other potential pathways for both day and sleeper cabs like hybrids, hydrogen combustion, or natural gas. Knowing which pathway is best for your fleet will make all the difference.

2. Get familiar with forms of emissions.

From carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane to fluorinated gases, the more familiar you are with emissions the better off you will be in terms of knowing how best to address each one and why. CO2 comprises nearly 80% of all greenhouse gases (GHGs), according to EPA. Nitrous oxide (N2O) makes up roughly 6 percent of GHGs and is blamed for posing health risks among communities exposed to heavy vehicle traffic, according to EPA. While methane makes up only a 12% share of GHGs, EPA considers it to be 28 times more potent in terms of trapping heat. Fleets can help reduce methane by using natural gas engines like Cummins new X15N. Renewable natural gas used in advanced engines like the X15N can produce near-zero emissions well-to-wheel.

3. Get more familiar with alternative fuels and powertrain options.

Cummins and its subsidiary Accelera have published several articles and videos that shed light on various fuels and technologies designed to lower or eliminate emissions. The company is hard at work around the world perfecting internal combustion powertrain designs, batteries, fuel cells and hydrogen production systems that can allow your fleet to reach emissions goals.

4. Know where to find alternative fuels.

The Department of Energy regularly updates its Alternative Fueling Station Locator map. To date, there are 73,850 charging stations across the U.S. and Canada. About 15% of those are DC fast-chargers which may not yet be suitable for Class 8 electric trucks. The Argonne National Laboratory notes that "a long-haul truck driver driving a Class 8 [electric] tractor would require a 1.6-megawatt charge to recover 400 miles of charge within a 30-minute break." The higher-powered approach for medium- and heavy-duty electric trucks is known as the megawatt charging system (MCS). Chargers for Class 1 and 2 passenger EVs peak at around 500kW or roughly three times less. Truck-centric refueling corridors for electric and fast-fill hydrogen are being funded along major routes through the Inflation Reduction Act. Keep an eye on progress through the DOE's interactive corridor map and the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation's recently published National Zero-Emission Freight Corridor Strategy. Detailed information including maps lay out a nationwide plan for fueling the next generation of clean trucks.

5. Transitioning your work force.

Have fleet managers, drivers and technicians familiarize themselves with cleaner-running diesel, natural gas, hydrogen combustion, hybrids, battery electric and fuel cell trucks. One way to do this is to attend trade shows for opportunities to see these vehicles up close and experience valuable seat time in 'ride and drive' events.  Cummins leaders are also accessible in sharing the ins and outs of clean, hard-working trucks which may offer a break in maintenance costs. Service methods and tooling will also change, leaving some fleets to opt for OEMs and others to handle servicing until they're more comfortable in having their own technicians take on these high-tech rigs.

6. Calculate the cost.

The EPA estimates that fleets will "pay an average of $17,000 more in upfront costs for a MY 2032 day cab tractor ZEV than for a conventional, including the cost of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, but recoup these costs in 3 years or less through yearly operational savings." Those costs are based on tax credits through the Inflation Reduction Act and an anticipated drop in production costs particularly for EV batteries. Total cost of ownership (TCO) for electric trucks can be trimmed if fleets rely on slower, overnight charging when utility rates are lower. Slower charging also prolongs battery life.

7. Work with utilities to understand infrastructure changes required for installing chargers at fleet sites.

Utilities, like fleets, are bracing for major changes in energy use and show eagerness to help. Several utilities including Southern California Edison and Duke Energy offer programs aimed at informing and assisting fleets in the transition to cleaner energy.

8. Be on the lookout for incentives.

Grants, tax credits and other offers will be offered to help make the switch to alt fuel trucks and vans. Look for opportunities at the federal, state and local levels.

9. Study vehicle lifecycle management and battery storage.

When EV batteries can no longer perform at peak efficiency for powertrain use, that does not mean that they are no longer useful. According to global management group McKinsey & Company, second-life use applications for used EV batteries are growing and "after remanufacturing, such batteries are still able to perform sufficiently to serve less-demanding applications, such as stationary energy-storage service." Second-life use cases include grid resiliency, EV charging and facility backup power. These batteries get an even greener profile when charged through clean solar or hydrogen fuel cell generators.  Following second-life use, batteries are candidates for recycling, an industry that's projected to grow as more of these valuable batteries enter the market through EVs, hybrids and fuel-cells. Recycling methods used to recover battery elements like lithium, cobalt and nickel continue to improve and thus provide more value as EV manufacturing increases. Market research firm MarketsandMarkets expects a nearly 26% jump in value for the EV battery recycling market by 2031. Nonetheless, some fleets may prefer that OEMs or other entities take on battery lifecycle management. 

10. Seek reliable resources.

In addition to utilizing experts like OEMs or Cummins, fleets can use many resources when sorting a given technology's capability to measure up to needs. Trade publications and organizations closely study and assess commercial vehicle performance. Research groups report results of in-depth studies on emerging technologies such as the non-profit North American Council for Freight Efficiency (NACFE). NACFE's chart below offers a quick assessment of alt fuel vehicle capabilities. TRC Companies offers consulting services for businesses interested in adopting alt fuel vehicles. Its annual trade show, the Advanced Clean Transportation Expo, attracts OEMs and thousands of attendees including fleet executives who often share their experiences with alt fuel vehicles in various panels throughout the week-long event. Utilities are also gaining traction as subject matter experts. Southern California Edison offers a full line-up of EV guidance including its Funding Finder Tool and Electrification & Infrastructure Guidebook.  Case studies are also available for review.

Table for Optimum Duty Cycle Sweet Spot

 

Tom Quimby headshot

Tom Quimby

Tom Quimby, On-highway Journalist, has a broad range of experience covering various topics for local and national periodicals. His stories and photos have appeared in The Washington Times and more recently in Commercial Carrier Journal, Overdrive, Hard Working Trucks, Equipment World and Total Landscape Care. Tom has reported on Class 1 - 8 commercial vehicles since 2015. A graduate of the University of Southern California, Tom enjoyed growing up around hot rods, dirt bikes, deserts and beaches near San Diego. He now calls Northwest Florida home.

STEM Project Unites Children in the UK and Uzbekistan

Zoom call with West Park School and the Children's Home

If you ever doubted the ability of young minds to grasp what many adults would consider complex concepts, then you'll be amazed by the achievements of two groups of young children - one in a school in northern England, and the other 4,000 miles away in an orphanage in Uzbekistan.

With the support of Cummins, children ranging from six to twelve years of age have managed to bridge the language, culture, and time divide. They are collaborating with great success on building a basic electric racing car.

The story begins with a visit by Cummins to Rudmash Export Service, which has been representing Cummins in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, since 2018.

Rudmash has an impressive list of clients in mining, construction, gas, and power generation.

It is also a highly respected supporter of community initiatives, a key focus for Cummins.

During the visit, Amit Kumar, Cummins' Technical Territory Manager for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, mentioned the work he was doing with local schools involving the Greenpower Education Trust in the UK.

Amit suggested that Rudmash might consider introducing local children to the fantastic learning opportunity that comes from building an electric car.

The Rudmash executive team loved the idea and reached out to their friends at the local orphanage (Children’s Home 22), about the proposed connection with children from West Park Academy – a primary school near Cummins' manufacturing plant in Darlington, England.

Students at the Children's Home working on the car
The children from Children's Home 22 building the car

Speaking through a translator, Rudmash Sales Manager Mr. Mavlonberdi Akhmedov said there was no hesitation from the orphanage. "Everyone was excited about it," he said. "When we showed them pictures of the car, the children's eyes lit up with interest.

"The only issue we encountered was not being able to involve the older children, but I think Amit has something in his mind for them. It will involve a similar collaboration with a UK school on a larger electric car that they can fit in!"

Over in Darlington, teacher Mr. David Fraser and his group of 9 to 11-year-olds were thrilled at the prospect of working with children from another country.

Students from West Park Academy
The children from West Park Academy

"Before our first session, I showed the children a map of Uzbekistan and explained how the time zones worked," Mr. Fraser said. "Tashkent is four hours ahead of us."

"When they started hearing a different language, they were a little hesitant although still excited. However, towards the end, once they got used to the translation pauses, lots of questions were being asked."

"They adapted very quickly, and every session with the orphanage has become more engaging. The children have greatly benefited from the relationship. It's been a great learning experience."

The car involved in the project is called the Greenpower Goblin G2. It comes as a flat-pack kit including chassis, wheels, steering, disc brakes, a 24V electric motor, and two 12V batteries.

Students at West Park Academy working on the car
The children from West Park Academy building the car

"The project is all about inspiring young children to take an interest in engineering in a fun and innovative way," said Amit Kumar, who earlier this year received special recognition at the North-East England STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Awards for his years of dedication to STEM Education.

"The build introduces children to basic mechanics and electronics and might be the first step on the pathway to a career in engineering or another STEM field.

Mr. Fraser said the children soon started discussing aspects of the car such as frames, brakes, and steering geometry. There was a lively question-and-answer session on different materials that could be used to design and make the car's body. Their last session was about controls and driving.

"There are also other general discussions, as the children are eager to learn more about each other's countries," said Amit, who leads the sessions.

Students at the Children's Home looking at the car drawing
The children from Children's Home 22 talking about a drawing while on a zoom call

Rudmash service engineer Mr. Abdullayev Shakhzod said the children were enjoying the experience of working in teams.

"It's a fantastic new chapter in the history of a place that has a storied past. It was established in 1942 during the Second World War to care for evacuees from all over Eastern Europe. Children of over 40 different nationalities have been cared for by this children's home.

"The home is named Antonina Pavlovna Khlebushkina after the woman who ran it in the early days. She would be so proud of what is happening there today.

"As the summer vacation times differ in the two countries, the West Park school children have already finished building their cars, while the Uzbekistan car is about 40% complete.

"When the children return from their summer camp in September, they will start the rear axle, motor, and electrical components. Then they can take it for a drive," Amit said.

"Just before their summer term ended, the West Park children conducted a demonstration for their new friends in Tashkent. They set up a track and showcased driving the car on it. It was a great success."

Mr. Akhmedov, speaking through a translator, mentioned that the management team at Rudmash was considering how the project could expand beyond the children's home and into schools and youth organizations throughout Uzbekistan.

Mr. Akhmedov praised Cummins for their support of the project. "They have shown great responsibility at every stage and been very proactive, always striving to ensure things are done right.

"This is just the beginning for these children. It's already motivating them to learn more and develop their skills in broader technical applications.

"I would say that this project is not only important for the children's home but also for our city of Tashkent and the Republic of Uzbekistan, as it is nurturing an educational culture that is highly valuable. I can't thank Amit and Cummins enough."

Amit expressed that it's a privilege to help Cummins inspire young people about engineering and science from an early age.

How is the United States investing in clean energy?

GR hero

Our planet is facing a dire crisis: carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere continue to soar above record highs. If gone unaddressed, the collective stress of climate change will produce an irreparable impact. Our health, energy, water, and food ecosystems are at risk. 

As it stands, there are many long-term effects of climate change. In North America, climate change is forecasted to cause decreasing snowpack in the western mountains. It will also lead to a 5–20% increase in yields of rain-fed agriculture and great intensity of heat waves. In fact, over the last five years, the United States has incurred roughly $120 billion a year in damages as a result of natural disasters caused by extreme weather and climate events.

Beyond natural catastrophes, climatic risks to the United States will have a cascading effect on the country's interconnected ecosystems. Reduced labor and overall economic productivity, and altered crop yields, will disproportionately harm lower-income and marginalized populations. These groups lack the resources to prepare or cope with extreme weather and climate events.

The world is investing in clean energy innovation

Combating the intensifying climate crisis requires a strategic combination of research and development (R&D), innovation, technology — and bold attempts.

Around the globe, countries are investing in clean energy to contribute to a livable planet now and for generations to come. In 2022, the US passed the Inflation Reduction Act, which includes a historic $370 billion investment to address the climate crisis. The Inflation Reduction Act provides tax credits and incentives to power homes, businesses, and communities with clean energy by 2030. The Act will increase investments in the fastest-growing power generation technologies, solar and wind. It will also advance cost-saving clean energy projects and protect two million acres of national forests. These initiatives are in addition to substantial tax credits and rebates offered to families and businesses in the United States.
Consequently, a stronger clean energy economy will contribute to overall economic growth and competition. As a result, there will be millions of new well-paying jobs for Americans to make clean energy.

It is possible to start decarbonizing now

Governmental policy strategies and investments in decarbonization technologies are part of the solution to produce increasingly cheap, dependable, and clean energy.

Strong communities and vibrant economies depend on a healthier planet. As a global power technology leader, Cummins is in a unique position to power customer success by leading during this energy transition. We intent to do so by providing customers with the right technology at the right time, understanding of their needs and applications.

We think of this journey to carbon neutrality in two distinct and complementary ways. First, by innovating zero-emission solutions and introducing them in markets and applications where the infrastructure, development and deployment are ready. Secondly, by advancing internal combustion engines through efficiency improvement and by running them on cleaner alternative fuels for a well-to-wheels solution.

Through Destination Zero, we are advancing low- and no-carbon platforms. This includes diesel and natural gas engines, hybrid, and electric platforms, as well as powertrain components, controls, and related technologies.

Join Cummins in powering a better tomorrow

Cummins environmental sustainability strategy includes goals timed for 2030. Progress toward the reduction of carbon emissions from company plants and facilities — in addition to our products — is in full swing. For more than one hundred years, we have brought technological solutions to market. As a power solutions leader, we will continue to power a more prosperous world for today and tomorrow. Are you ready to consider investing in new power solutions?

Traci Kraus headshot

Traci Kraus

Traci Kraus is a Director of Government Relations where she leads US federal advocacy for Cummins. She focuses on energy, climate, hydrogen, transportation and budget legislative and regulatory issues. 

Prior to joining Cummins, Traci worked for former U.S. Senator Russ Feingold.  She has a Master's in Public Administration from the George Washington University and B.A.s in Government and Politics and Communication from the University of Maryland in College Park. She is originally from Chicago, and now lives outside of Washington, D.C. with her husband, Aaron and two children Liam (8) and Sloane (5).

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