Clessie Cummins' exploration of diesel's potential for passenger cars

by Tamra Knudsen, Brand Journalist
Clessie’s 1936 Cadillac Series 72 Convertible with a Cummins Model A 331 cubic inch in-line 6 diesel engine.

Clessie Cummins is known for improving existing diesel engines, creating new diesel engine designs, and setting world records for endurance and speed in trucks, buses and race cars. Perhaps not as well-known are his early endeavors in promoting the efficiency of diesel power in automotive applications.

From coming up with a marketing plan promoting his Model A diesel engine in a 1935 Auburn convertible he drove cross-country, to removing and replacing a gas engine in a 1936 Cadillac convertible for a much needed trip to Florida, the innovator was diesel-driven and determined to demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of using diesel in a variety of applications.

The Cummins-powered Auburn 851 clocked over 100 mph at the Bonneville Salt Flats in 1935.

The JOURNEY OF THE AUBURN


In 1935, with no diesel-powered passenger cars in production at the time, Cummins Inc. briefly collaborated with Auburn Automobile Company to install a prototype Cummins Model A 6-cylinder diesel in a 1935 Auburn. Using an aluminum block and head for a much lighter engine than typical cast-iron diesel engines, the innovative new engine provided fuel efficiency by getting better mileage using less expensive fuel: diesel compared to a gasoline counterpart, with diesel being less than half the price of gasoline.

In May 1935, Cummins began discussions with Auburn Automotive Company to create diesel-powered passenger vehicles. Auburn wanted to take advantage of growing interest in diesel powered vehicles and Clessie Cummins wanted to embark upon another marketing stint to promote diesel for automotive applications. The engine was to be a new Model A, which Cummins had already begun production on in 1934, specifically designed for passenger car applications. Two prototypes were made from an aluminum alloy to reduce weight and be comparable to the gasoline counterpart.

Auburn and Cummins agreed to a cross-country leisurely trip, unlike timed trips of the past, to demonstrate this family-friendly, diesel-powered car. Cummins was to leave on a publicity trip from New York City to Los Angeles with a Paramount News crew filming portions of the journey. After picking out a rust-colored Auburn 851 4-door convertible at the Auburn Connersville, Indiana, plant, the all-aluminum Model A engine was installed in the car at the Cummins Engine Plant in Columbus with little modification to the car's firewall. 

On June 17, 1935, Cummins left New York City for Los Angeles, making publicity stops along the way. At Salt Lake City, Cummins drove the car on the Bonneville course, clocking over 100 mph. Near Las Vegas, Cummins stopped at the Hoover Dam, which was under construction, to get footage of the car driving across the dam. And, on July 4th, Cummins arrived at Los Angeles, making a stop at Warner Bros. Studio. Cummins travelled 3,774 miles, averaging 35 mpg, with a total fuel cost of $7.63.

Here’s a link to the Paramount newsreel about Clessie’s trip in the Auburn.

Upon returning to Columbus, Cummins personally used the Auburn until 1937 when, during a trip to Madison, he was cut-off by a Model T Ford and wrecked the vehicle to avoid collision. The car was scrapped but the engine survived.

Under contract with Auburn in 1936, Cummins was to repower eight base model 4-door sedans designed to house the Model A engine. Due to a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation of questionable stock practices by Auburn Automobile Company, Cummins cancelled the contract but kept the eight sedans. Following the wreck in 1937, Cummins installed the same engine into one of the eight sedans. It is this car, today's white 1935 Auburn 655 sedan, which remains as one of the first pre-production prototypes of a diesel-powered automobile.

Cummins drove the Auburn until 1939. It was eventually put into storage. In 1974, it was rediscovered in a lumberyard warehouse south of today's Columbus Engine Plant. The Auburn underwent a complete restoration, with the engine only requiring minimal work. In the same year, the Auburn 655 was presented to J. Irwin Miller, then Chairman of Cummins Engine Company, as his 40th anniversary gift.

Clessie Cummins in the Cummins-powered Auburn 851, making a stop at the bottom of Hoover Dam during its construction in 1935.
Clessie Cummins in the Cummins-powered Auburn 851, making a stop at the bottom of Hoover Dam during its construction in 1935.


THE CADILLAC’S EXCURSION TO FLORIDA

Cummins' health raised concern in 1938 and his doctor ordered him to take a trip south for rest and relaxation. He planned a trip to Ft. Myers Beach, Florida, with his family, but not before he fitted his vehicle with a diesel engine for the long drive.

Cummins believed in his diesel engine so much that he swapped out the stock L-head V-12 gas engine in his 1936 Cadillac Series 72 Convertible with a Cummins Model A 331 cubic inch in-line 6 diesel engine. This was a 'hurry-up' installation, with Cummins opting for a production cast iron block Model A engine instead of the prototype all aluminum Model A engine from the Auburn. The used Cadillac with the beefy suspension, sturdy X frame, and just enough engine bay space allowed for the installation to happen with minimal changes to the car itself. Cummins did decide to install a second fuel tank. 

In November, as the Cummins family headed south, Thane Houser, Cummins' chief engineer, followed them with tools and spare injectors on the first leg to Kentucky. Seeing no issues, Cummins and his family continued to Florida. First fuel stop was not until Georgia. They then made the remainder of the trip to Fort Myers without an additional fuel stop. Cummins was proud of the fuel economy and would boast about this. On one such occasion, after Cummins was explaining only one fuel stop was needed on the way down from Columbus, Cummins' youngest son, Lyle, piped up to say that the auxiliary fuel tank under the back seat sure helped. A sharp look of disapproval from Cummins to Lyle was all that was needed to let Lyle know that he was in big trouble!

WHERE ARE THEY NOW?


The Auburn and Cadillac are both on display at the Cummins Heritage Center, located at the Cummins Engine Plant in Columbus where visitors can get up close, appreciate their beauty and learn about their place in Cummins' long history. And they do make appearances at various car shows where car enthusiasts can hear about their history from Cummins' volunteers, appreciate their pristine appearance, and snap a shot of history for their archives!

J. I. Miller exits from the restored 1935 Auburn 655 sedan given to him in 1974 as a 40th Anniversary gift.
J. I. Miller exits from the restored 1935 Auburn 655 sedan given to him in 1974 as a 40th Anniversary gift.

 

Tamra Knudsen smiling

Tamra Knudsen

Tamra Knudsen is a Brand Journalist for Cummins with extensive experience in the Capital Goods sector, serving over 20 years in various corporate communications roles. She began her career in accounting, moving into numerous positions within finance, marketing and administration, until she discovered her niche in the field of communications. Her passion is to create transparent and meaningful content that educates, informs and engages readers on a variety of topics for both external and internal audiences. 

Tamra graduated from the University of Wisconsin, Parkside, with a BS in Business Administration and Management.

Supporting Indigenous communities

Cummins announces commitment to Canadian Council for Indigenous Business (CCIB) Partnership Accreditation in Indigenous Relations (PAIR) Program

Cummins announces commitment to Canadian Council for Indigenous Business (CCIB) Partnership Accreditation in Indigenous Relations (PAIR) Program

Cummins Inc. delivers superior solutions for its customers to power their communities and the world. It does that with the company's steadfast commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion - winning with the power of difference. 

In honor of International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples and as part of Cummins’ objective to create positive and meaningful relations with Indigenous businesses and communities in the region, Cummins is proud to announce it is now at the “Committed” level of the Canadian Council for Indigenous Business (CCIB) Partnership Accreditation in Indigenous Relations (PAIR) Program.

Shashiraj Shanbhag, Vice President, Product & Service Management - Canada, and leader of the Canada Indigenous Relations initiative at Cummins: "We have been doing a great deal of work specific to Indigenous communities in Canada for several years. Since recently joining the Canadian Council for Indigenous Business Partnership Accreditation in Indigenous Relations Program at the Committed Level, the program will provide Cummins with external validation to all the work our employees have been doing and additional opportunities to do even more. The PAIR certification is an excellent opportunity for us to measure and strengthen our work in deepening relations with Indigenous communities throughout Canada."


The work of PAIR


Established by the Canadian Council for Indigenous Business, the PAIR Program is a rigorous, independent third-party certification program for corporate performance in Indigenous relations. The process evaluates measurable outcomes and initiatives in four performance areas: Leadership Actions, Employment, Business Development and Community Relations.

Since its inception in 2001, PAIR has maintained its position as the foremost corporate social responsibility program, with a distinct focus on Indigenous relations. PAIR's certification program instills a strong sense of confidence in communities due to its foundation on independent third-party validation of company reports, and the ultimate company rating is decided by a panel of Indigenous business professionals. As a PAIR committed company, Cummins will undergo the process of external verification and work collectively with the CCIB and Indigenous stakeholders toward the long-term goal of achieving Gold Certification.


The work of Cummins Canada


Cummins' commitment to PAIR is another step on the company's journey to building a diverse global culture, which includes expanding its relations with Indigenous Peoples in Canada and around the world. As part of this journey, Cummins and its employees located in Canada have taken the following steps:

  • Established an Indigenous Relations team with about 15 active volunteers across Canada
  • 1400+ employees in Canada have completed Indigenous Awareness Training
  • Supported initiatives for Indigenous communities in areas of Education and Equity with more than USD 100,000 of funding from Cummins Grant

As a global organization amongst a diverse and growing group of companies from across Canada that share a commitment to the Indigenous community, Cummins Canada continues to develop relationships with Indigenous peoples across the country and seeks ongoing ways to support the communities in which it lives and works. In its commitment to fostering positive change, Cummins also looks inward, engaging its own employees in initiatives that promote understanding, respect and collaboration with Indigenous peoples. 

To learn more about Cummins’ ongoing commitment to not only Indigenous communities but to the many communities employees live and serve throughout the world, please visit cummins.com
 

Cummins Office Building

Cummins Inc.

Cummins, a global power technology leader, is a corporation of complementary business segments that design, manufacture, distribute and service a broad portfolio of power solutions. The company's products range from internal combustion, electric and hybrid integrated power solutions and components including filtration, aftertreatment, turbochargers, fuel systems, controls systems, air handling systems, automated transmissions, electric power generation systems, microgrid controls, batteries, electrolyzers and fuel cell products.

Natuurpunt and Cummins Collaborate to Re-Wet Mechelen's Nature Reserves on World Water Day 2024

Natuurpunt and Cummins Collaborate to Re-Wet Mechelen's Nature Reserves on World Water Day 2024

On World Water Day 2024, Natuurpunt and Cummins launched their collaboration on the rewetting of the Mechels Broek and Den Battelaer nature reserves in Mechelen, Belgium.

Over the next two years, efforts will be made to retain water in the nature reserves by, among other things, the use of solar-powered water pumps.

The plans are part of the European LIFE project Wetlands4Cities, within which multiple partners are committed to making nature around cities climate-proof. The Cummins partnership will support the Wetland Plan that Natuurpunt presented in early 2024. Around Mechelen, Natuurpunt aims to restore 345 hectares of wetland within the framework of the Rivierenland Nature Park. Cummins is investing in the project to support biodiversity and carbon capture.

Lander Wantens, project officer at Wetlands4Cities said: "The Den Battelaer and Mechels Broek nature reserves are located at the intersection of the Dyle, Nete and Zenne rivers and are historic flood plains. By buffering extra water here, the region can be relieved at critical moments. Based on an ecohydrological study, we are going to place small weirs on some canals that will allow more water to be retained and thus also to combat drought. There is also already a solar-powered pump that ensures that excess water from the Dyle can flow into the area. Additionally, one more will be added in the long term to combat the acidification of the soil."

Visitor experience and education capabilities have also been enhanced by this Cummins supported project, with plans for the creation of a unique hide at the nature reserves, allowing people to look underwater. In time, there will also be a footpath created on-site.

Antonio Leitao, Vice President of the Europe Area Business Organisation at Cummins, said: "With the Cummins Water Works (CWW) project, we are working with experts to create projects that will improve water quality, water quantity and access to water around the world. For example, by 2030, we aim to offset Cummins' annual water consumption in all regions. To this end, we work together with Natuurpunt, which has the expertise and volunteers to restore local water systems and support the development of environmental education about water. This project will help us achieve our goal of making the European region net water positive by 2030, in line with our overall mission to make people's lives better by creating a more prosperous world."

Alderman Patrick Princen, chairman of the Rivierenland Nature Park, said: "Since 2019, the area coalition behind Rivierenland Nature Park has created more than 225 hectares of new nature. We are very proud of that, but this wonderful result would never have been possible without the support of the members of the area coalition, countless donors and sponsors. The contribution of Cummins is therefore substantial and makes it possible to take major steps forward in terms of nature restoration and nature experience. Nature design is often seen as a cost item, but it is now clear that this yields ten times the economic return and the benefit of experiencing nature at its best. It is an investment that will help the city of Mechelen in the future to reinforce our environment and give nature restoration every chance."

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