Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) Explained

Cummins HVO

You have questions about Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), we have answers. 

Cummins QSK95 generator set - HVO
Cummins generator sets, like the one pictured here, have been approved for use with paraffinic fuels, including HVO.

Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) is a diesel-like fuel that can be produced without fossil resources by processing renewable waste lipids. Cummins offers an entire line of diesel generator sets that are approved for use with paraffinic fuels such as HVO in Power Generation standby applications. This provides a simple and efficient alternative to diesel for both new and existing fleets of generator sets. This lower-carbon option enables Cummins customers, like Microsoft Corporation, to progress towards their decarbonization goals. 

Vipul Tandon, Executive Director of Global Power Generation at Cummins Inc., stated that they are pleased to collaborate with Microsoft as a valued partner. This partnership supports Microsoft's goals for cleaner power and leverages Cummins' 100 years of experience in integrating power system solutions with advancing technologies. This experience has provided us the flexibility to meet and exceed changing global standards, as well as the unique requirements of our customers."

Here are answers to a few commonly asked questions about this new alternative fuel: 

What are paraffinic fuels?  

Paraffinic fuels are an alternative to diesel with low sulfur and aromatics. They are derived from a variety of sources, the most common including natural gas, coal, plant oils and animal fats.

 

What is HVO? 

HVO, also known as renewable diesel or green diesel, is created from lipids like vegetable oil, tallow, or used cooking oil. These lipids are made of paraffinic hydrocarbons and result in a low carbon fuel.

 

What are the differences between HVO and diesel?

HVO fuel has similar chemical and physical properties to diesel fuel. However, its fossil-free composition and low carbon content make it an appealing sustainable fuel option, differentiating it from diesel. HVO also has approximately 7% less fuel density, limited aromatic and sulfur content, and a higher cetane value versus diesel fuel. Despite these differences, HVO can be blended with diesel in any proportion. This ease of integration is particularly beneficial in standby generator set applications, where stored fuel consumption is low.

 

Is HVO different from biodiesel? 

While HVO is derived from the same feedstocks used to produce biodiesel, it is produced via a hydrotreated process vs. transesterification process which helps improve its oxidation stability. This means that HVO is not prone to bacterial growth in comparison with biodiesel, making HVO a great, sustainable option for generator sets in standby applications.

 

Isn’t HVO the same as all the gas-to-liquids (GTL) fuels? 

Physically and chemically, these fuels are the same fuel and meet the EN 15940 fuel specification. HVO has a lower life cycle carbon emission compared to GTL fuels though. This is because HVO is produced from renewable feedstocks, while GTL fuels are produced from natural gas, a fossil fuel.

 

What performance is expected when running Cummins generator sets on HVO fuel?

The detailed results of several tests conducted are published in a white paper that outlines the expected generator set performance when running on HVO fuel vs. diesel fuel. EPA Tier 2 and TA Luft certifications remain valid with operation on HVO fuel.

 

What changes are needed to upfit existing Cummins generator sets to run on HVO fuel?

No changes or modifications to hardware or software are needed to run approved Cummins engines and generator sets on HVO fuels. Further Cummins standard and extended warranties apply on any generator sets approved to run on HVO fuel. 

 

How readily available and widely adopted is HVO? 

As a relatively new fuel source, the rate of adoption of HVO today is limited by its supply chain and higher cost, with higher adoption in markets where the use of diesel is curtailed. Supply chains are developing to serve these regulated markets, predominantly in parts of North America and Europe. Increasing demand driven by a combination of regulatory and customer ESG targets will drive increased production, which will subsequently lead to increased adoption. The IEA Renewables 2020 report predicts that the average output in 2023-2025 will be 63 billion L, a 30% increase from the 2019 level. The majority of this increase is attributed to expanding HVO production in Singapore and the United States.

Here are some additional frequently asked questions about HVO (PDF). 

Learn about the benefits of alternative fuels and fuel flexibility.  

Learn more about Cummins' Destination Zero strategy and our mission to power a more prosperous world

Catherine Morgenstern - Cummins Inc.

Catherine Morgenstern

Catherine Morgenstern is a Brand Journalist for Cummins, covering topics such as alternative propulsion, digitalization, manufacturing innovation, autonomy, sustainability, and workplace trends. She has more than 20 years of experience in corporate communications, holding leadership positions most recently within the Industrial Capital Goods sector.

Catherine began her career as a marketing writer for a biotechnology company, where she learned to take complicated and highly technical information and make it accessible to everyone. She believes the concept of "storytelling" is more than a trendy buzzword and loves to find ways for her readers to make personal connections to her subjects. Catherine has a passion for technology and innovation and how its intersection can make an impact in all our lives.

Catherine recently moved back to her hometown in the Hudson Valley, New York after a several decades in Los Angeles and Chicago. She is a graduate of UCLA and enjoys gardening and spending time with her husband and three children.

STEM Project Unites Children in the UK and Uzbekistan

Zoom call with West Park School and the Children's Home

If you ever doubted the ability of young minds to grasp what many adults would consider complex concepts, then you'll be amazed by the achievements of two groups of young children - one in a school in northern England, and the other 4,000 miles away in an orphanage in Uzbekistan.

With the support of Cummins, children ranging from six to twelve years of age have managed to bridge the language, culture, and time divide. They are collaborating with great success on building a basic electric racing car.

The story begins with a visit by Cummins to Rudmash Export Service, which has been representing Cummins in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, since 2018.

Rudmash has an impressive list of clients in mining, construction, gas, and power generation.

It is also a highly respected supporter of community initiatives, a key focus for Cummins.

During the visit, Amit Kumar, Cummins' Technical Territory Manager for the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, mentioned the work he was doing with local schools involving the Greenpower Education Trust in the UK.

Amit suggested that Rudmash might consider introducing local children to the fantastic learning opportunity that comes from building an electric car.

The Rudmash executive team loved the idea and reached out to their friends at the local orphanage (Children’s Home 22), about the proposed connection with children from West Park Academy – a primary school near Cummins' manufacturing plant in Darlington, England.

Students at the Children's Home working on the car
The children from Children's Home 22 building the car

Speaking through a translator, Rudmash Sales Manager Mr. Mavlonberdi Akhmedov said there was no hesitation from the orphanage. "Everyone was excited about it," he said. "When we showed them pictures of the car, the children's eyes lit up with interest.

"The only issue we encountered was not being able to involve the older children, but I think Amit has something in his mind for them. It will involve a similar collaboration with a UK school on a larger electric car that they can fit in!"

Over in Darlington, teacher Mr. David Fraser and his group of 9 to 11-year-olds were thrilled at the prospect of working with children from another country.

Students from West Park Academy
The children from West Park Academy

"Before our first session, I showed the children a map of Uzbekistan and explained how the time zones worked," Mr. Fraser said. "Tashkent is four hours ahead of us."

"When they started hearing a different language, they were a little hesitant although still excited. However, towards the end, once they got used to the translation pauses, lots of questions were being asked."

"They adapted very quickly, and every session with the orphanage has become more engaging. The children have greatly benefited from the relationship. It's been a great learning experience."

The car involved in the project is called the Greenpower Goblin G2. It comes as a flat-pack kit including chassis, wheels, steering, disc brakes, a 24V electric motor, and two 12V batteries.

Students at West Park Academy working on the car
The children from West Park Academy building the car

"The project is all about inspiring young children to take an interest in engineering in a fun and innovative way," said Amit Kumar, who earlier this year received special recognition at the North-East England STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Awards for his years of dedication to STEM Education.

"The build introduces children to basic mechanics and electronics and might be the first step on the pathway to a career in engineering or another STEM field.

Mr. Fraser said the children soon started discussing aspects of the car such as frames, brakes, and steering geometry. There was a lively question-and-answer session on different materials that could be used to design and make the car's body. Their last session was about controls and driving.

"There are also other general discussions, as the children are eager to learn more about each other's countries," said Amit, who leads the sessions.

Students at the Children's Home looking at the car drawing
The children from Children's Home 22 talking about a drawing while on a zoom call

Rudmash service engineer Mr. Abdullayev Shakhzod said the children were enjoying the experience of working in teams.

"It's a fantastic new chapter in the history of a place that has a storied past. It was established in 1942 during the Second World War to care for evacuees from all over Eastern Europe. Children of over 40 different nationalities have been cared for by this children's home.

"The home is named Antonina Pavlovna Khlebushkina after the woman who ran it in the early days. She would be so proud of what is happening there today.

"As the summer vacation times differ in the two countries, the West Park school children have already finished building their cars, while the Uzbekistan car is about 40% complete.

"When the children return from their summer camp in September, they will start the rear axle, motor, and electrical components. Then they can take it for a drive," Amit said.

"Just before their summer term ended, the West Park children conducted a demonstration for their new friends in Tashkent. They set up a track and showcased driving the car on it. It was a great success."

Mr. Akhmedov, speaking through a translator, mentioned that the management team at Rudmash was considering how the project could expand beyond the children's home and into schools and youth organizations throughout Uzbekistan.

Mr. Akhmedov praised Cummins for their support of the project. "They have shown great responsibility at every stage and been very proactive, always striving to ensure things are done right.

"This is just the beginning for these children. It's already motivating them to learn more and develop their skills in broader technical applications.

"I would say that this project is not only important for the children's home but also for our city of Tashkent and the Republic of Uzbekistan, as it is nurturing an educational culture that is highly valuable. I can't thank Amit and Cummins enough."

Amit expressed that it's a privilege to help Cummins inspire young people about engineering and science from an early age.

How is the United States investing in clean energy?

GR hero

Our planet is facing a dire crisis: carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere continue to soar above record highs. If gone unaddressed, the collective stress of climate change will produce an irreparable impact. Our health, energy, water, and food ecosystems are at risk. 

As it stands, there are many long-term effects of climate change. In North America, climate change is forecasted to cause decreasing snowpack in the western mountains. It will also lead to a 5–20% increase in yields of rain-fed agriculture and great intensity of heat waves. In fact, over the last five years, the United States has incurred roughly $120 billion a year in damages as a result of natural disasters caused by extreme weather and climate events.

Beyond natural catastrophes, climatic risks to the United States will have a cascading effect on the country's interconnected ecosystems. Reduced labor and overall economic productivity, and altered crop yields, will disproportionately harm lower-income and marginalized populations. These groups lack the resources to prepare or cope with extreme weather and climate events.

The world is investing in clean energy innovation

Combating the intensifying climate crisis requires a strategic combination of research and development (R&D), innovation, technology — and bold attempts.

Around the globe, countries are investing in clean energy to contribute to a livable planet now and for generations to come. In 2022, the US passed the Inflation Reduction Act, which includes a historic $370 billion investment to address the climate crisis. The Inflation Reduction Act provides tax credits and incentives to power homes, businesses, and communities with clean energy by 2030. The Act will increase investments in the fastest-growing power generation technologies, solar and wind. It will also advance cost-saving clean energy projects and protect two million acres of national forests. These initiatives are in addition to substantial tax credits and rebates offered to families and businesses in the United States.
Consequently, a stronger clean energy economy will contribute to overall economic growth and competition. As a result, there will be millions of new well-paying jobs for Americans to make clean energy.

It is possible to start decarbonizing now

Governmental policy strategies and investments in decarbonization technologies are part of the solution to produce increasingly cheap, dependable, and clean energy.

Strong communities and vibrant economies depend on a healthier planet. As a global power technology leader, Cummins is in a unique position to power customer success by leading during this energy transition. We intent to do so by providing customers with the right technology at the right time, understanding of their needs and applications.

We think of this journey to carbon neutrality in two distinct and complementary ways. First, by innovating zero-emission solutions and introducing them in markets and applications where the infrastructure, development and deployment are ready. Secondly, by advancing internal combustion engines through efficiency improvement and by running them on cleaner alternative fuels for a well-to-wheels solution.

Through Destination Zero, we are advancing low- and no-carbon platforms. This includes diesel and natural gas engines, hybrid, and electric platforms, as well as powertrain components, controls, and related technologies.

Join Cummins in powering a better tomorrow

Cummins environmental sustainability strategy includes goals timed for 2030. Progress toward the reduction of carbon emissions from company plants and facilities — in addition to our products — is in full swing. For more than one hundred years, we have brought technological solutions to market. As a power solutions leader, we will continue to power a more prosperous world for today and tomorrow. Are you ready to consider investing in new power solutions?

Traci Kraus headshot

Traci Kraus

Traci Kraus is a Director of Government Relations where she leads US federal advocacy for Cummins. She focuses on energy, climate, hydrogen, transportation and budget legislative and regulatory issues. 

Prior to joining Cummins, Traci worked for former U.S. Senator Russ Feingold.  She has a Master's in Public Administration from the George Washington University and B.A.s in Government and Politics and Communication from the University of Maryland in College Park. She is originally from Chicago, and now lives outside of Washington, D.C. with her husband, Aaron and two children Liam (8) and Sloane (5).

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